itara jana durghaṭodayasya
sthira guṇa ratna-cayasya rohaṇādrim
akhila guṇavatī kadamba cetaḥ
pracura camatkṛti-kāri sad guṇāḍhyāmO Kṛṣṇa! You are a huge mountain of jewel like qualities that is unattainable by outsiders! O Rādhe! You are enriched with all great qualities that greatly astonish the hearts of all the qualified girls!
ŚRĪ YUGALA GUṆA MĀDHURĪḤ – The sweetness of the Divine Couple’s attributes
Makaranda Kaṇā Vyākhyā:
After relishing the sweetness of the Śrī Yugala’s forms Śrī Rūpa relishes the sweetness of Their divine attributes. Śrī-Śrī Rādhā Mādhava are a mine of all jewel like qualities. These attributes are inherent in Them, they are not sticking to Them as they do with conditioned souls, who may be very hearty or merciful.
These qualities are transcendental and consist of pure love.
Therefore the experience of these attributes are dependent on bhajana sādhana. Thus the hearts of the loving devotees become absorbed in Their qualities of sweetness. rūpa lāgi āṅkhi jhure guṇe mana bhora.
(My eyes are pleased by seeing Your forms and my mind is absorbed in Your qualities).
The qualities are more attractive even than the form:
guṇe kore mana pāgala.
Śrī Kṛṣṇa is unlimited and His attributes are countless. Even (the remembrance of) one of these qualities can bless the people of the world.
Lord Brahmā prayed to Kṛṣṇa:
guṇātmanas te’pi guṇān vimātuṁ
hitāvatīrṇasya ka īśire’sya
kālena yair vā vimitāḥ sukalpair
bhū-pāṁśavaḥ khe mihikā dyu-bhāsaḥ
tat te’nukampāṁ susamīkṣamāṇo
bhuñjāna evātmakṛtaṁ vipākam
hṛd vāg vapurbhir vidadhan namas te
jīveta yo mukti-pade sa dāya-bhāk
(Śrīmad Bhāgavata 10.14.7-8)
“O Lord! In due course of time the most powerful mystics like Śeṣa and the four Kumāras may be able to count the specks of dust on the earth, the snowflakes that fall from the sky, or the number of rays that luminaries in outer space are emitting, but they will never be able to count all of Your divine attributes, with which You have descended to this world for our benefit! Therefore those who do not attempt to count all Your innumerable attributes, but simply suffer or enjoy the results of their previous lives’ activities, considering it to be all Your mercy, and who continue always to offer their obeisances to Your most merciful lotus-feet, will be the first heirs to the attainment of Your lotus-feet!”
(This is the gist of Śrī Jīva Gosvāmīpāda’s commentary on these verses).
Loving devotees are irresistibly attracted to Kṛṣṇa’s glorious attributes, but not only them, even the dry scholars of brahman and self-satisfied sages are attracted to Kṛṣṇa’s qualities. Desiring to taste Kṛṣṇa’s beauty and sweetness they give up their state of self-bliss and engage in devotional service.
This is described in Śrīmad Bhāgavata (1.7.10):
ātmārāmāś ca munayo nirgranthā apy urukrame
kurvanty ahaitukīṁ bhaktim itthambhūta guṇo hariḥ
Śrīman Mahāprabhu gave the following elaborate explanation of this verse to Sanātana Gosvāmī:
sarvākarṣaka sarvāhlādaka mahā rasāyaṇa;
āpanāra bole kore sarva vismāraṇa
bhukti siddhi mukti sukha chāḍāya yāra gandhe;
alaukika śakti guṇe kṛṣṇa kṛpā bāndhe
śāstra yukti nāhi ihā siddhānta vicāra;
ei svabhāva guṇe yāte mādhuryera sāra
‘guṇa’ śabdera artha – kṛṣṇera guṇa ananta;
sat cit rūpa guṇa – sarva pūrṇānanda
aiśvarya mādhurya kāruṇya svarūpa pūrṇatā;
bhakta vātsalya ātma paryanta vadānyatā
alaukika rūpa rasa saurabhādi guṇa;
kāro mana kono guṇe kore ākarṣaṇa
sanakādira mana harilo saurabhādi guṇe;
śukadevera mana harilo līlā śravaṇe
śrī aṅga rūpe hare gopīgaṇera mana;
rūpa guṇa śravaṇe rukmiṇyādi ākarṣaṇa
vaṁśī-gīte hare lakṣmyādikera mana;
yogya bhāve jagate yoto yuvatīra gaṇa
guru tulya strī-gaṇera vātsalye ākarṣaṇa;
dāsya sakhyādi bhāve puruṣādi gaṇa
pakṣī mṛga vṛkṣa latā cetanācetana;
preme matta kori ākarṣaye kṛṣṇa guṇa
(Caitanya Caritāmṛta)
“Kṛṣṇa is all-attractive, all-delightful, full of nectarean taste and by His own strength He makes people oblivious of everything (else but Him). By the extraordinary power of bhakti one who gives up even a whiff of the bliss of sense-enjoyment, mystic perfection or liberation is bound by Kṛṣṇa’s mercy. In this there is no consideration of scriptural evidence or logical arguments, nor of their philosophical conclusions.
This is Kṛṣṇa’s natural attribute, in which there is the quintessence of transcendental sweetness. The word guṇa means quality and Kṛṣṇa has innumerable qualities. His forms and qualities are all completely transcendental and blissful. He is full of prowess, sweetness, compassion and love for His devotees. He is so magnanimous that He even gives Himself to His devotee. His form, fragrance, taste, touch and sounds are all extraordinary, and everyone is attracted to one or more of His qualities.
The four Kumāras were attracted to Him by smelling His fragrance, Śukadeva by hearing the stories of His pastimes, the gopīs by seeing His enchanting form, Rukmiṇī by hearing about His form and pastimes and the goddess of fortune and others by hearing His flutesong. Young girls are attracted to Him in an amorous way, older women with parental affection and other boys and men in the mood of servants or friends. Indeed, birds, deer, trees, vines and even immobile creatures are maddened with love for Kṛṣṇa after becoming attracted to His attributes!”
Then Śrīman Mahāprabhu quoted examples of each case from Śrīmad Bhāgavata. All these qualities are difficult to experience for outsiders, including even demigods like Indra.
kṛṣṇa bhakte kṛṣṇera guna sakala sañcāre (C.C.) – “All the attributes of Kṛṣṇa are also manifest in Kṛṣṇa’s devotees”.
Therefore it is difficult for outsiders to attain Kṛṣṇa’s qualities. According to his level of love for Kṛṣṇa a devotee becomes endowed with Kṛṣṇa’s qualities. Śrī Rūpa is Rādhā’s maidservant, so he can relish the sweet (amorous) qualities of Kṛṣṇa more than others.
In his Ujjvala Nīlamaṇi Śrī Rūpa has first ascertained the attributes of the hero as follows:
padadyuti vinirdhuta smara parārdha rūpoddhati
dṛg añcala kalā naṭī paṭimabhir manohāriṇī
sphuran nava ghanākṛtiḥ parama divya līlā nidhiḥ
kriyāt tava jaga trayī yuvati bhāgya siddhir mudam
Pūrvarāgavatī Śrī Rādhā (who had just fallen in love with Kṛṣṇa) offered Her obeisances to Paurṇamāsī-devī, who blessed Her and told Her: “O Rādhe! May that indescribable boy, who looks like a fresh monsooncloud, who is the ocean of the greatest divine pastimes, whose lustrous feet diminish the beauty of millions of Cupids, who enchants everyone’s heart with His dancing glances and who is the fruit of the young girls’ good fortune, delight You!”
Then Śrī Rūpa picks some amorous jewels from the Rohaṇādri (large jewel-mountain) of Kṛṣṇa’s qualities, and presents them to the devotees who have taken shelter of the amorous rasa:
ayaṁ suramyo madhuraḥ sarva sallakṣaṇānvitaḥ
balīyān nava tāruṇyo vāvadūkaḥ priyaṁ vadaḥ
sudhīh sapratibho dhīro vidagdhaś caturaḥ sukhī
kṛtajño dakṣiṇaḥ prema vaśyo gambhīratāmbudhih
varīyān kīrtimān nārī mohano nitya-nūtanaḥ
atulya keli saundarya preṣṭha vaṁśī svanānvitaḥ
“He is very lovely, sweet, endowed with all good attributes, strong, endowed with fresh youthfulness, talkative, speaking sweet words, intelligent, learned, effulgent, calm, clever, expert, happy, grateful, submissive, controlled by love, grave, excellent, famous, steals the minds of the women, is ever-fresh, incomparibly playful and beautiful and always engaged in playing His beloved flute.”
Śrī Rūpa then says: “O Śrī Rādhike! You astonish the hearts of all qualified ladies with the qualities that adorn You!” premera svarūpa deha prema vibhāvita; kṛṣṇera preyasī śreṣṭhā jagate vidita (C.C.) – “Rādhā’s body consists of prema and She is known in the world as Kṛṣṇa’s dearmost beloved.”
Śrī Rādhā is the embodiment of the quintessence of prema, known as mahā-bhāva. premera parama sāra mahā-bhāva jāni; se mahābhāva rūpā rādhā-ṭhākurāṇī (C.C.) – This means that all Her qualities come forth from mahā bhāva. Where is that mahā bhāva, and where are the worm-like conditioned souls? The guṇavatīs (qualified ladies) that are astonished by these qualities are therefore not ordinary women that are products of mundane illusion. They are all the Lord’s consorts from the spiritual world.
Śrīla Kavirāja Gosvāmīpāda has written :
yāhāra saubhāgya guṇa vāñche satyabhāmā;
yāra ṭhāi kalā vilāsa śikhe vraja rāmā
yāra saundaryādi guṇa vāñche lakṣmī pārvatī;
yāra pativratā dharma vāñche arundhatī
yāra sad guṇa gaṇera Kṛṣṇa nā pān pāra;
tāra guṇa gaṇibe kemone jīva chāra
(Caitanya Caritāmṛta)
“How can any ordinary living enitity count Her attributes when Satyabhāmā desires Her quality of fortune, the gopīs learn the arts of love from Her, Her qualities of beauty are coveted by Laksmī and Pārvatī, Her loyalty to Her husband is coveted by Arundhatī and even Kṛṣṇa Himself cannot find the end to all of Her glorious qualities?!”
Śrī Rādhā is even more qualified than Kṛṣṇa, the ocean of all divine attributes. This is not just anyone’s saying, this is Kṛṣṇa’s own experience:
kṛṣṇera vicāra eka āchaye antare;
pūrṇānanda pūrṇa rasa rūpa kohe more
āmā hoite ānandita hoy tribhuvana;
āmāke ānanda dibe aiche kon jana?
āmā hoite yāra hoy śata śata guṇa;
sei jana āhlādite pāre mora mana
āmā hoite guṇī boḍo jagate asambhava;
ekali rādhāte tāhā kori anubhava
koṭi kāma jini rūpa yadyapi āmāra;
asamordhva mādhurya sāmya nāhi yāra
mora rūpe āpyāyita kore tribhuvana;
rādhāra darśane mora juḍāya nayana
mora svara vaṁśī gīte ākarṣaye tribhuvana;
rādhāra vacane āmāra haraye śravaṇa
yadyapi āmāra gandhe jagat sugandha;
mora citta prāṇa hare rādhā aṅga gandha
yadyapi āmāra rase jagat surasa;
rādhāra adhara rase āmā kore vaśa
yadyapi āmāra sparśa koṭīndu śītala;
rādhikāra sparśe āmā kore suśītala
ei mata jagatera sukhe āmi hetu;
rādhikāra rūpa guṇa āmāra jīvātu
“Kṛṣṇa thinks to Himself: People call Me the embodiment of full bliss and full savour and all the three worlds are delighted by Me, but is there anyone who can delight Me? Only a person who is hundreds of times more qualified than Me would be able to delight Me! It is impossible for anyone in this world to be more qualified than Me. Only in Rādhā I experience this! Although My form defeats millions of Cupids and there is nobody as sweet or sweeter than Me, although My form pleases the three worlds, My eyes are pleased by seeing Rādhā. Although My flute song attracts the three worlds, Rādhā’s voice steals My ears, and although My fragrance scents the world, My heart is stolen by Rādhā’s bodily fragrance. Although My taste makes the whole world tasty, the taste of Rādhā’s lips controls Me, and although My touch is cooler than millions of moons, Rādhikā’s touch is cooling off even Me! In this way I am the cause of joy to the world, but Rādhikā’s qualities and form are My very life!”
Of the millions of mahā-bhāva-vatī gopīs Rādhā and Candrāvalī are the greatest, and among them Rādhā is again the greatest. She is the embodiment of mahā bhāva and the most qualified girl (guṇair ati varīyasī). In the Nārada Pañcarātra and Gautamīya Tantra Śrī Rādhā is described as the parā śakti (Supreme Power). lakṣmī sarasvatī durgā sāvitrī rādhikā parā. bhaktyā namanti yat śaśvat tvaṁ namāmi parātparam (Nārada Pañcarātra) – “I offer my obeisances unto the Supreme Lord (paratparā) Śrī Kṛṣṇa, to whom also Lakṣmī, Sarasvatī, Durgā, Sāvitrī and the supreme (parā) Rādhikā offer their obeisances.”
In connection with Rādhikā the word parā is used here. parāṁ te śreṣṭha vācakā – “Parā means the best.”
From this we can understand that Śrī Rādhikā is the greatest śakti of the Lord, and this is repeated as follows in different scriptures:
devī rādhā parā proktā catur-varga prasavinī, rasikā rasikānandā svayaṁ rāseśvarī parā. devī kṛṣṇamayī proktā rādhikā para devatā sarva lakṣmī-mayī sarva kāntiḥ sammohinī parā.
The parā ṭhākurānī Rādha has innumerable qualities, but twenty-five of them are predominant:
ananta guṇa śrī rādhikāra, paṅciśa pradhāna;
yei guṇera vaśa hoy kṛṣṇa bhagavān
atha vṛndāvaneśvaryāḥ kīrtyante pravarā-guṇāḥ
madhureyaṁ nava vayāś calāpāṅgojjvala smitā
cāru saubhāgya rekhāḍhyā gandhonmādita mādhavā
saṅgīta prasarābhijñā ramya-vāṅ narma paṇḍitā
vinītā karuṇā-pūrṇā vidagdhā pāṭavānvitā
lajjā-śīlā sumaryādā dhairya gāmbhīrya śālinī
suvilāsā mahābhāva paramotkarṣa tarṣiṇī
gokula prema vasatir jagac-chreṇī lasad yaśāḥ
gurvarpita guru snehā sakhī praṇayitā vaśā
kṛṣṇa priyāvalī mukhyā santatāśrava keśavā
bahunā kiṁ guṇās tasyāḥ saṅkhyātītā harer iva
“She is sweet and young, She has restless eyes and a bright smile, She has beautiful lines of fortune on Her hands, Her fragrance intoxicates Mādhava, She is expert in singing, She speaks charming words, She is expert in joking, She is humble, full of compassion, clever, shy, respectful, patient, grave and playful. She thirsts after (giving Kṛṣṇa) the pinnacle of mahā-bhāva, She has Her residence of love in Gokula (Vraja), Her glories pervade the whole universe, She is the object of Her superiors’ affection, She is subdued by the love of Her girlfriends, and She is the chief of all of Kṛṣṇa’s beloveds. Indeed, She fully controls Keśava! What more can I say about Her attributes? They are innumerable, just like Hari’s!”
he vraja nīlamaṇi, akhila guṇera khani,
duṣprāpya yā itara janete.
sarvajña sauhārda kara, kāruṇya guṇete hari,
ratna khani rohaṇa parvate.
“O Vraja’s sapphire! O Mine of all attributes! You are rarely attained by outsiders! O Hari! You are a mine of jewel-like qualities like omniscience, compassion and friendship in the Rohaṇa-mountain!”
he rādhe! vinodinī, sakala sad guṇe tumi,
suśobhitā paramā sundarī.
akhila bhuvana bhari, yoto guṇavatī nārī,
sabākāra citta camatkārī
“O Rādhe Vinodinī! You are the most beautiful and qualified girl, and You astonish the hearts of all the qualified ladies of the world!”
